Hepatitis C is a viral infection that can lead to liver damage, caused by the HCV. The virus is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids. In this article, we will delve into information about the hepatitis C virus, exploring its symptoms, treatment, and addressing common questions like whether HCV is deadly and if it is contagious.
What is Hepatitis C?
Hepatitis C is one of the various causes of liver inflammation, with only a fraction of cases being viral. It is a viral infection affecting the liver, causing inflammation and swelling, ultimately leading to liver tissue damage over time.
Chronic inflammation over several years can result in severe liver damage. It is a significant contributor to liver failure, often necessitating liver transplantation.
Causes of Hepatitis C Infection
Hepatitis C infection occurs through direct contact with infected blood. The transmission takes place when the blood of an infected person enters the body of an uninfected person. You may be exposed through:
- Sharing injection drug equipment
- Engaging in sexual activity, especially if you have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted infections
- Childbirth, as a mother can transmit it to her child
- Sharing personal care items such as toothbrushes, razors, and nail clippers
- Getting tattoos with unclean tools
It is not transmitted through:
- Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked and bleeding)
- Coughing and sneezing
- Hugging
- Kissing
- Mosquito bites
- Sharing food utensils
What are the Symptoms of Hepatitis C?
Its symptoms may not manifest at the beginning of the infection, but after two weeks to six months of the virus entering the bloodstream, you might notice:
- Dark urine
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin, as well as dark urine)
- Joint pain
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
These symptoms typically persist for a duration ranging from 2 to 12 weeks.
Differences Between Hepatitis A, B, and C
The various types of hepatitis differ in terms of infection routes, transmission methods, the types of infections caused by the viruses, and approaches to treatment and prevention. Here are some key differences:
- Hepatitis A: Has a vaccine and is transmitted through feces.
- Hepatitis B: Has a vaccine and is transmitted through blood.
- Hepatitis C: Has no vaccine and is transmitted through blood.
Stages of Infection
- Incubation Period: The time between exposure to the virus and the onset of the disease, ranging from 14 to 80 days, with an average of 45 days.
- Acute Hepatitis C: Lasts during the first six months after the virus enters the body.
- Chronic Hepatitis C: About 85% of people with virus progress to a long-term stage (over 6 months), leading to chronic viral hepatitis. This condition can result in severe health problems such as liver cancer or cirrhosis.
- Liver Cirrhosis: This disease causes inflammation, gradually replacing healthy liver cells with scar tissue. Typically, this process takes 20 to 30 years.
- Liver Cancer: Cirrhosis increases the likelihood of liver cancer.
Diagnosis of Hepatitis C
Screening for infection begins with a simple blood test. If the test is positive for chronic hepatitis C infection, the doctor evaluates the liver to determine the extent of liver tissue converted to scar tissue. Liver health assessment tests may include liver function tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound imaging.
Treatment of Hepatitis C
There is a variety of medications available for virus C treatment. The duration of treatment depends on the overall health and strain of the virus. Some of the medications include:
- Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi®)
- Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (Harvoni®)
- Simeprevir (Olysio®)
- Paritaprevir/Ombitasvir/Ritonavir/Dasabuvir (Viekira Pak®)
- Daclatasvir (Daklinza®)
- Elbasvir/Grazoprevir (Zepatier®)
- Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (Epclusa®)
- Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (Mavyret®)
- Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir (Vosevi®)
- Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir (Technivie®)
- Ribavirin (Rebetol®)
While these medications have improved the outlook for recovery, individuals with severe liver damage may require liver transplantation.
Can Hepatitis C be Prevented?
Currently, there is no effective vaccine for preventing hepatitis C. Prevention primarily involves avoiding contact with contaminated blood and not sharing needles or personal care items such as toothbrushes, razors, and nail clippers.
Is Hepatitis C Contagious?
Yes, It is contagious and can be transmitted through contact with contaminated blood or direct contact with an infected person’s blood. Some individuals may carry the infection without exhibiting symptoms but can still transmit the virus to others. It is crucial to follow preventive measures and undergo regular screenings if you are at risk or suspect HCV infection.
Is Hepatitis C Deadly?
New medications for hepatitis C have significantly improved recovery prospects. Even individuals with chronic infections lasting for many years can be treated, and in most cases, the treatment duration is within weeks. However, some people may experience severe liver damage, requiring liver transplantation.
Best Doctor for Hepatitis C Treatment
Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie is considered the best doctor for hepatitis C treatment. As a liver and gastrointestinal consultant, a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in England, and a member of the American College of Gastroenterology, Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie brings extensive expertise to the field. Currently serving as a lecturer in general internal medicine, liver diseases, and gastroenterology at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, he actively participates in local and international scientific conferences and contributes to prestigious medical journals.
Book your appointment now to consult with Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie regarding hepatitis C and other acute and chronic liver diseases.