A thick layer of mucus protects the stomach lining from the effects of its digestive juices. However, there are many reasons that can reduce this protective layer, allowing stomach acid to damage the tissues. Below, we will explore the symptoms of Peptic ulcer and methods of diagnosis and treatment.
What Causes Peptic Ulcer?
There are two main causes of Peptic ulcer: Helicobacter pylori bacteria and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Approximately 50% of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori, often without any symptoms.
The bacteria adhere to the mucous layer in the digestive system, causing inflammation that may affect this protective layer. This breakdown becomes problematic because your stomach contains strong acid designed to digest food. Without the mucous layer that protects it, acid can erode the stomach tissues.
From 10% to 15% of people with the helicobacter pylori bacteria end up developing Peptic ulcers.
NSAIDs are another major cause of Peptic ulcer disease. These medications erode the mucous layer in the digestive system, leading to the development of gastric ulcers.
Individuals with H. pylori infection who use NSAIDs frequently are more susceptible to damage to the mucous layer.
The appearance of Peptic ulcer also increases due to the use of NSAIDs if you:
- Take high doses of NSAIDs.
- Are 70 years old or older.
- Use corticosteroids while taking NSAIDs.
- Use NSAIDs continuously for a long period.
- Have a history of peptic ulcer disease.
What Are the Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer?
Pain or burning sensation in the upper and middle abdomen between meals or at night.
Pain that temporarily disappears after eating or taking an antacid.
Bloating.
Nausea or vomiting.
- In severe cases, symptoms may include:
- Dark or black stools (due to bleeding).
- Vomiting.
- Weight loss.
- Severe abdominal pain in the mid to upper abdomen.
How Is Peptic Ulcer Diagnosed?
To confirm the diagnosis of Peptic ulcer, you will need one of these tests:
Upper endoscopy
If you have severe symptoms, your doctor may perform an upper endoscopy to determine if you have an ulcer. In this procedure, the doctor inserts an endoscope, a small illuminated tube with a tiny camera, through your throat into your stomach to check for ulcers.
Helicobacter pylori tests
The breath test is the easiest way to detect helicobacter pylori bacteria. It can also be diagnosed through blood or stool tests, or by taking a sample during an upper endoscopy.
Imaging tests
Imaging tests such as X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are used to detect ulcers. A specific liquid is ingested to cover the digestive system, making ulcers more visible for imaging devices.
Treatment of Peptic Ulcers
Without proper treatment, ulcers can lead to serious problems, including:
- Bleeding.
- Perforation of the stomach wall.
- Blockage of the stomach outlet; due to swelling or scarring that blocks the passage from the stomach to the small intestine.
If the ulcer is bleeding, your doctor may treat it during an endoscopy by injecting medications into it. Clamps or cauterization may also be used to close it and stop the bleeding.
Medications for stomach ulcer include:
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These medications reduce acidity, allowing the ulcer to heal.
- Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers): These drugs also work to reduce acid production.
- Antibiotics: These drugs kill bacteria. Doctors use them to treat helicobacter pylori infection.
- Protective medications: These drugs cover the ulcer with a protective layer to prevent further damage from digestive acids and enzymes.
- Treatment targeting the root cause, such as helicobacter pylori infection or NSAID use, is effective in eliminating infectious stomach ulcer disease.
It takes several weeks of treatment for the ulcer to heal. However, ulcers may recur, especially if the helicobacter pylori bacteria are not completely eradicated or if you continue to smoke or use NSAIDs.
Does drinking milk help treat Peptic ulcer?
No, milk may temporarily alleviate ulcer pain because it coats the stomach lining. However, milk causes your stomach to produce more acidic and digestive secretions, which may worsen the ulcer.
Can Peptic ulcer be prevented?
Here are some instructions and tips to prevent the formation of ulcers:
- Talk to your doctor about alternatives to NSAIDs such as acetaminophen to relieve pain.
- Choose the lowest effective dose of NSAIDs and take them with meals.
- Quit smoking.
Who Is the Best Gastroenterologist to Treat Peptic Ulcer?
Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie is the best doctor for treating Peptic ulcer. He is a consultant in liver, digestive system, and endoscopy, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in England, and a member of the American College of Gastroenterology. Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie is currently a teacher of general internal medicine, liver, and digestive system at Al-Azhar University in Cairo.
Dr. Mohamed El-Borai participates in many local and international scientific conferences and has numerous scientific research publications in prestigious medical journals.
Book your appointment now if you would like to consult with Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie regarding Peptic ulcer, their causes, and the latest methods of diagnosis and treatment.