Esophagitis is the inflammation of the swallowing tube that extends from the throat to the stomach, causing pain, swelling, or burning sensation. Inflammation occurs when the immune system activates allergens, or repairs damaged tissues. Corrosive substances, such as stomach acid and certain medications, can lead to damage to the esophageal tissues. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of esophagitis, while other types are relatively rare. Let’s explore the symptoms, diagnosis methods, and latest treatments for esophagitis.
What are the symptoms of esophagitis?
- Inflammation in the throat.
- Burning sensation in the stomach.
- Difficulty swallowing.
- Chest pain, ranging from mild to severe, and may be constant.
Depending on the cause and severity, you may also notice:
- Acid reflux.
- Indigestion.
- Feeding difficulties in children.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Blood in vomit.
- Mouth ulcers.
What are the causes of esophagitis?
- Acid reflux.
- Medications.
- Infections.
- Allergies.
- Radiation exposure.
- Autoimmune diseases affecting the immune system.
What are the types of esophagitis?
1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Esophagitis:
The most common type occurs when acids from your stomach flow into the esophagus, leading to irritation and erosion of the esophageal mucous membrane. This may happen with frequent acid reflux or repeated vomiting.
2. Infectious Esophagitis:
Infections in the esophagus are uncommon unless the immune system is compromised or infections are recurrent. Fungal infections are the most common, followed by viral infections. Infections that may cause esophagitis include:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), and Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
3. Eosinophilic Esophagitis:
Eosinophilic esophagitis is an immune system reaction where an excessive number of white blood cells are sent to attack infections or allergies. White blood cells accumulate in the esophagus, causing chronic inflammation—a rare condition. Alongside eosinophilic esophagitis, other autoimmune diseases may cause esophagitis as a side effect, including:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- Behçet’s disease.
- Radiation therapy targeting the esophagus, chest, or throat may cause radiation-induced mucosal inflammation in the esophagus, which is usually temporary.
How is esophagitis diagnosed?
Esophagitis can be diagnosed based on symptoms, along with upper endoscopy inside the esophagus or pH testing in the esophagus.
How is esophagitis treated?
Depending on the cause, medications can help protect and heal the esophagus. Treatment usually involves taking medications and lifestyle changes.
Medication Treatment for Esophagitis:
- Acid suppressants, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) help treat acid reflux.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs for eosinophilic esophagitis.
- Antifungal medications for fungal infections.
- Antiviral medications for viral infections, such as herpes.
Instructions and Tips for Treating Esophagitis:
- Avoid foods and beverages that cause indigestion and reflux or trigger allergic reactions.
- Replace medications causing esophagitis with alternative medications.
- Consume smaller meals, especially at dinner, and avoid lying down for at least three hours before bedtime to allow for digestion.
- Quit smoking.
Once appropriate treatment begins, healing and recovery start immediately. However, complete healing may take three to six weeks. If the cause is a chronic condition, you may need longer-term treatment.
Who is the best doctor for treating esophagitis?
Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie is considered the best doctor for treating esophagitis. He is a consultant in liver, digestive system, and endoscopy, a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in England, and a member of the American College of Gastroenterology. Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie is currently a lecturer in internal medicine, liver, and digestive system at Al-Azhar University in Cairo.
Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie regularly participates in various local and international scientific conferences and has many scientific research papers published in prestigious medical journals.
Book your appointment now if you would like to consult with Dr. Mohamed Al Boraie regarding esophagitis, its causes, symptoms, and the latest methods of diagnosis and treatment.